Jumat, 05 Juni 2009
NOUN PHRASES
Noun phrases is constarction function as subject and object.
A noun phrases is either a single noun or pronoun any group of words containing a noun pronoun that function together as a noun/pronoun subject/object of a verb
Noun phrases consist of a pronoun or noun with only associated noun phrases can act as a subject, object, compliment object of preposition and object of verb.
The function of Noun phrases
a. Subject
Ex : The children play on the forest
b. Object
Ex : My mother buys a basket of vegetables
c. Complement
Ex : Bogor is a rainy location.
The basic structure of Noun Phrases.
Phrases consist minimally of a head this means in on word phrases like (boy) the head is “boy” in longer phrases a string of elements may appean before the head.
Ex : The naughty boy.
Noun phrases is constarction function as subject and object.
A noun phrases is either a single noun or pronoun any group of words containing a noun pronoun that function together as a noun/pronoun subject/object of a verb
Noun phrases consist of a pronoun or noun with only associated noun phrases can act as a subject, object, compliment object of preposition and object of verb.
The function of Noun phrases
a. Subject
Ex : The children play on the forest
b. Object
Ex : My mother buys a basket of vegetables
c. Complement
Ex : Bogor is a rainy location.
The basic structure of Noun Phrases.
Phrases consist minimally of a head this means in on word phrases like (boy) the head is “boy” in longer phrases a string of elements may appean before the head.
Ex : The naughty boy.
FINITE VERBS
Finite Verb that is inflected for person and for tense according to the reles and categori of the languges in which it occurs.
Finite verb can form “ Independent clause” which can stand bya her own as complete sentemce.
In independent clause is a complete seneteces. It contains the main subject and verb of a sentence.
In English only verbd uncertanmood are finite.
Those include mood : Indicative mood, Imperative mood
a. Indicative mood : expressing 4 state of affars.
Example :
The buldozer demolished the restaurant
b. Imperative mood : Giving a command.
Example :
Open the door
Finite Verb that is inflected for person and for tense according to the reles and categori of the languges in which it occurs.
Finite verb can form “ Independent clause” which can stand bya her own as complete sentemce.
In independent clause is a complete seneteces. It contains the main subject and verb of a sentence.
In English only verbd uncertanmood are finite.
Those include mood : Indicative mood, Imperative mood
a. Indicative mood : expressing 4 state of affars.
Example :
The buldozer demolished the restaurant
b. Imperative mood : Giving a command.
Example :
Open the door
MODALS IN THE PAST FORM
Modals in the past form adalah kata bantu pengandaian dalam bentuk lampau
Present Past
Can
Will
Shall
may Could
Would
Should
might
-Could + Verb base
We can use this expression : to offers suggestion or possibilities
Example :
Asri : I’m having trouble with math
Maya : Why don’t you ask Puteri ? Perhaps she could help you.
Huda : God!! I forget bring my mobile
Izal : Don’t worry, Huda. You could borrow mobile phone
Might + Verb base
Use might to tell possibilities
Example :
Dinni : Why is Nola taking the bus to get home
Wulan : He might get a flat time
Edy : Where is Yohan?
Ade : He might be at the apertement
Ersa : Might I borrow the stapler
Anggi : I’m sory. I’m using it.
Would + verb base
Use would for an action that was repeated regulary in the past
Example :
Riska : What did you usually do on holidays?
Heny : I would visit my gramdparents in the village but how anymore
Would + mind + V-ing
Use would to express polite request
Example :
Mr. Erwan : Would you mind posting the letter?
Asri : No. Not at all
Should + V-base
Example :
Edy : Linda, you should go to library now?
Linda : Ok
Modals in the past form adalah kata bantu pengandaian dalam bentuk lampau
Present Past
Can
Will
Shall
may Could
Would
Should
might
-Could + Verb base
We can use this expression : to offers suggestion or possibilities
Example :
Asri : I’m having trouble with math
Maya : Why don’t you ask Puteri ? Perhaps she could help you.
Huda : God!! I forget bring my mobile
Izal : Don’t worry, Huda. You could borrow mobile phone
Might + Verb base
Use might to tell possibilities
Example :
Dinni : Why is Nola taking the bus to get home
Wulan : He might get a flat time
Edy : Where is Yohan?
Ade : He might be at the apertement
Ersa : Might I borrow the stapler
Anggi : I’m sory. I’m using it.
Would + verb base
Use would for an action that was repeated regulary in the past
Example :
Riska : What did you usually do on holidays?
Heny : I would visit my gramdparents in the village but how anymore
Would + mind + V-ing
Use would to express polite request
Example :
Mr. Erwan : Would you mind posting the letter?
Asri : No. Not at all
Should + V-base
Example :
Edy : Linda, you should go to library now?
Linda : Ok
ADVERTISEMENT
Advertisement is :
- information for persuading and motivate a people so that it will attracted the, to service and things that are affered
- information persuade and motivate people so that attracted to service and things that offer.
- A commercial solicitation designed to see some commodity, service or similar.
- A public notice
- Refers to all people. Many advertisement are designed to generate increased consumption of those products and services through the creation and reinforcement “brand image” and “brand loyalty”
Function of advertisement :
- promotion
- communication
- information
We can find the advertisement on newspaper, tabloid, magazine, radio, television, billboard, etc.
Kinds of advertisement :
- family advertisement
- announcement advertisement
- invitation advertisement
- request advertisement
- offer advertisement
- sposor advertisement
- article advertisement
In making an advertisement, keep the following points :
- The contens of advertisement must objective and honest
- Short and clean
- Doesn’t allude group or producer
- Use word that polite and logical
In making an advertisement keep the following points :
1. language of advertisement
- using the correct or suitable word
- using the interesting expression and suggestive
- using the positive comnotations
- text or advertisement should directly to the goals
2. Advertisement content
- objective and honest
- Brief and clear
- Don.t to allude group and to other procedur
3. Kinds of advertisement
- family advertisement
- invitation advertisement
- advertisement that praises grounds which advertisement
- requested advertisement
- News advertisement
- Announcement advertisement
Advertisement is :
- information for persuading and motivate a people so that it will attracted the, to service and things that are affered
- information persuade and motivate people so that attracted to service and things that offer.
- A commercial solicitation designed to see some commodity, service or similar.
- A public notice
- Refers to all people. Many advertisement are designed to generate increased consumption of those products and services through the creation and reinforcement “brand image” and “brand loyalty”
Function of advertisement :
- promotion
- communication
- information
We can find the advertisement on newspaper, tabloid, magazine, radio, television, billboard, etc.
Kinds of advertisement :
- family advertisement
- announcement advertisement
- invitation advertisement
- request advertisement
- offer advertisement
- sposor advertisement
- article advertisement
In making an advertisement, keep the following points :
- The contens of advertisement must objective and honest
- Short and clean
- Doesn’t allude group or producer
- Use word that polite and logical
In making an advertisement keep the following points :
1. language of advertisement
- using the correct or suitable word
- using the interesting expression and suggestive
- using the positive comnotations
- text or advertisement should directly to the goals
2. Advertisement content
- objective and honest
- Brief and clear
- Don.t to allude group and to other procedur
3. Kinds of advertisement
- family advertisement
- invitation advertisement
- advertisement that praises grounds which advertisement
- requested advertisement
- News advertisement
- Announcement advertisement
SURPRISES & DISBELIEFS
Surprise or disbeliefs is :
- a feeling that we feel when we heard an amazing news which surprised and amazed us
- an expression that we show/say when we know/hear/see something that rather difficult to believe
- used to express something that we can’t or impossible.
To express surprise or disbeliefs :
- what a surprise!
- (well), that’s very surprising!
- Really?
- What?
- Are you serious? You must be jokin!
- You’re kidding!
- I must say …. Surprises me
- I find that hard to believe
When get a surprising fact, you can say those to other people :
- do you know what?
- Believe it or not?
- You may not believe it, but ….
- Can you believe it?
Respons :
- Really?
- Are you sure/joking?
- Where? Show me
Dialogue :
Tegar : What a surprise!
Novera : What happens?
Tegar : Buffon, our friend. Is the best Italian goal keeper player.
Novera : Ought, you’re kidding!
Tegar : You’re right, Novera. It really surprised me.
Surprise or disbeliefs is :
- a feeling that we feel when we heard an amazing news which surprised and amazed us
- an expression that we show/say when we know/hear/see something that rather difficult to believe
- used to express something that we can’t or impossible.
To express surprise or disbeliefs :
- what a surprise!
- (well), that’s very surprising!
- Really?
- What?
- Are you serious? You must be jokin!
- You’re kidding!
- I must say …. Surprises me
- I find that hard to believe
When get a surprising fact, you can say those to other people :
- do you know what?
- Believe it or not?
- You may not believe it, but ….
- Can you believe it?
Respons :
- Really?
- Are you sure/joking?
- Where? Show me
Dialogue :
Tegar : What a surprise!
Novera : What happens?
Tegar : Buffon, our friend. Is the best Italian goal keeper player.
Novera : Ought, you’re kidding!
Tegar : You’re right, Novera. It really surprised me.
GRATITUDE, COMPLIMENT & CONGRATULATION
Gratitude is an expression that we show to other people when that people has done a good work which use full for us, when that people has given us something that we like some much, when that people wishs us something or when that people give a compliment for us.
Gratitude the way said thank you to other people
To express gratitude, you can say
- thank you very much
- I am greateful (to….)
- I want to thank …..
- I want to express my gratitude to ….
- I keep forgetting to thank you for ….
Responding of expressing :
- You are welcome
- Don’t mention it
- Not at all
- It was nothing at all
- No problem
- Glad to be of help
- (it, was) my pleasure
- I’m glad I could …..
Compliment
To give praising to other people, some people use compliment to “better up” someday or to flatter in order to increase good will. You compliment someone.
We compliment someone, for example :
- on his/her general appereance
- if you notice something about the persons appereance
- when you visit someone house, for the first time
- when other people do their best
To compliment someone, we can say :
- what a nice dress
- you look great
- you look very nice
- I really express my admiration for you dance
- Good grades!
- Exelent!
- Nice work!
Congratulation
Is an expression that we show to other people when he/she succed doing something or when other people hold their holiday.
Expressing
- Congratulation
- Happy birthday
- Happy new year
- Happy valentine
- Well done
- That’s fantastic
Gratitude is an expression that we show to other people when that people has done a good work which use full for us, when that people has given us something that we like some much, when that people wishs us something or when that people give a compliment for us.
Gratitude the way said thank you to other people
To express gratitude, you can say
- thank you very much
- I am greateful (to….)
- I want to thank …..
- I want to express my gratitude to ….
- I keep forgetting to thank you for ….
Responding of expressing :
- You are welcome
- Don’t mention it
- Not at all
- It was nothing at all
- No problem
- Glad to be of help
- (it, was) my pleasure
- I’m glad I could …..
Compliment
To give praising to other people, some people use compliment to “better up” someday or to flatter in order to increase good will. You compliment someone.
We compliment someone, for example :
- on his/her general appereance
- if you notice something about the persons appereance
- when you visit someone house, for the first time
- when other people do their best
To compliment someone, we can say :
- what a nice dress
- you look great
- you look very nice
- I really express my admiration for you dance
- Good grades!
- Exelent!
- Nice work!
Congratulation
Is an expression that we show to other people when he/she succed doing something or when other people hold their holiday.
Expressing
- Congratulation
- Happy birthday
- Happy new year
- Happy valentine
- Well done
- That’s fantastic
NEWS ITEM
News item is to inform readers, listeners, or viewers about events of the day which are considened news worthy or important.
The news item begins with news worthy events, then, background events and sources
A news item text is a factual text which informs readers of dailt newspaper about events of the day which are regarded as news worthy or important.
The structure of the text consists of three parts :
1. News worthy events : recounts the events in summary form
2. Background events : elaborate what happened to whom and in what
Ciramstance
3. Source : comments by participants inwithnesses to and rities
Expert on the event
Characteristic :
- Short telegraphic information about story captured in headline
- Generally using simple past tense
- Use material processes to retell the event
- Using action verbs, like : escape
- Using saying verbs, like : say, tell, inform
- Focus on circumstances
- Use of projecting verbal processes in source stages.
Rules to make in more comprehensible
- the passive voice is used without one appropriate form “be”
- it’s unusual to fied complex forms, generally the simple present form is used
- the present progressive tense is used usually to describe something that is changing or developing, but the auxiliary verb is usually left out
- to refer to the future, headlines often use the infinitive
- headlines aren’t always complete sentences
News item is to inform readers, listeners, or viewers about events of the day which are considened news worthy or important.
The news item begins with news worthy events, then, background events and sources
A news item text is a factual text which informs readers of dailt newspaper about events of the day which are regarded as news worthy or important.
The structure of the text consists of three parts :
1. News worthy events : recounts the events in summary form
2. Background events : elaborate what happened to whom and in what
Ciramstance
3. Source : comments by participants inwithnesses to and rities
Expert on the event
Characteristic :
- Short telegraphic information about story captured in headline
- Generally using simple past tense
- Use material processes to retell the event
- Using action verbs, like : escape
- Using saying verbs, like : say, tell, inform
- Focus on circumstances
- Use of projecting verbal processes in source stages.
Rules to make in more comprehensible
- the passive voice is used without one appropriate form “be”
- it’s unusual to fied complex forms, generally the simple present form is used
- the present progressive tense is used usually to describe something that is changing or developing, but the auxiliary verb is usually left out
- to refer to the future, headlines often use the infinitive
- headlines aren’t always complete sentences
DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH
- Direct yaitu kalimat yang langsung diucapkan oleh si pembicara
- Indirech speech disebut juga Reported speech yaitu kalimat yang tidak langsung
Yang digunakan untuk melaporkan kembali ucapan-ucapan dalam waktu berbeda.
Contoh :
- He said “ I will go to Surabaya tomorrow”
- He said that he would go to Surabaya the following day
STATEMENT
Dalam indirect speech menggunakan kata penghubung that, yang berarti bawah. Jika main clausenya berupa simple present, present perfect atau simple future maka tidak ada perubahan tense dalam indirect speechnya.
Example :
- I am very sory
- He will tell you that he is very sory
- He says to you that he is very sory
- He has told you that he is very sory
Dalam contoh diatas hanya personal pronoun dan perubahan tergantung siapa yang berbicara.
Contoh :
- They say to him, “we ca not do your homework”
They say to him that they can not do his homework.
Jika kalimat induk kalimat langsung (direch speech) dalam bentuk past tense, maka kalimat tak langsung( indirech speech ) mengalami perubahan tense sebagai berikut
Direct Indirech
Simple present tense Simple past tense
Present continuous tense Past continuous tense
Present perfect tense Past perfect tense
Present perfect continuous tense Past perfect continuous tense
Simple past tense Past perfect tense
Past continuous tense Past perfect continuous tense
Past perfect tense Past perfect tense
Past perfect continuous tense Past perfect continuous tense
Simple future tense Simple past future tense
Future continuous tense Past future continuous tense
Future perfect tense Past future perfect tense
Future perfect continuous tense Past future perfect continuous tense
Perubahan auxiliary verb :
Am/is/are Was/were
Will/shall Would/should
Can Could
May Might
Have to/has to Had to
must Had to
QUESTION
bila pertanyaan langsung menggunakan yes/no question, maka penghubungnya menggunakan if atau whether, yang berarti “apakah”. Dalam reported speech yang terletak setelah if atau whether adalah affirmative sentence (kalimat berita) yang diawali dengan subjek, bukan auxiliary.
Contoh :
- Ani asked me if “Are you John?”
Ani asked me if I was John
- He asked her, “Have you done you work?”
He asked her if she had done homework.
COMMAND
Command di bagi menjadi dua, yaitu nominal dan verbal. Masing-masing dibagi lagi menjadi positif dan negatif
Contoh :
- Mother asked, :Please, be careful Asri!”
Mother asked Asri to be careful
- He asked them, “ don’t be lazy!”
He ask them not not to be lazy
- Direct yaitu kalimat yang langsung diucapkan oleh si pembicara
- Indirech speech disebut juga Reported speech yaitu kalimat yang tidak langsung
Yang digunakan untuk melaporkan kembali ucapan-ucapan dalam waktu berbeda.
Contoh :
- He said “ I will go to Surabaya tomorrow”
- He said that he would go to Surabaya the following day
STATEMENT
Dalam indirect speech menggunakan kata penghubung that, yang berarti bawah. Jika main clausenya berupa simple present, present perfect atau simple future maka tidak ada perubahan tense dalam indirect speechnya.
Example :
- I am very sory
- He will tell you that he is very sory
- He says to you that he is very sory
- He has told you that he is very sory
Dalam contoh diatas hanya personal pronoun dan perubahan tergantung siapa yang berbicara.
Contoh :
- They say to him, “we ca not do your homework”
They say to him that they can not do his homework.
Jika kalimat induk kalimat langsung (direch speech) dalam bentuk past tense, maka kalimat tak langsung( indirech speech ) mengalami perubahan tense sebagai berikut
Direct Indirech
Simple present tense Simple past tense
Present continuous tense Past continuous tense
Present perfect tense Past perfect tense
Present perfect continuous tense Past perfect continuous tense
Simple past tense Past perfect tense
Past continuous tense Past perfect continuous tense
Past perfect tense Past perfect tense
Past perfect continuous tense Past perfect continuous tense
Simple future tense Simple past future tense
Future continuous tense Past future continuous tense
Future perfect tense Past future perfect tense
Future perfect continuous tense Past future perfect continuous tense
Perubahan auxiliary verb :
Am/is/are Was/were
Will/shall Would/should
Can Could
May Might
Have to/has to Had to
must Had to
QUESTION
bila pertanyaan langsung menggunakan yes/no question, maka penghubungnya menggunakan if atau whether, yang berarti “apakah”. Dalam reported speech yang terletak setelah if atau whether adalah affirmative sentence (kalimat berita) yang diawali dengan subjek, bukan auxiliary.
Contoh :
- Ani asked me if “Are you John?”
Ani asked me if I was John
- He asked her, “Have you done you work?”
He asked her if she had done homework.
COMMAND
Command di bagi menjadi dua, yaitu nominal dan verbal. Masing-masing dibagi lagi menjadi positif dan negatif
Contoh :
- Mother asked, :Please, be careful Asri!”
Mother asked Asri to be careful
- He asked them, “ don’t be lazy!”
He ask them not not to be lazy
SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
Pola Kalimat
(+) Subject + verb 1 (s/es) + object
(-) Subject + do/does + not + verb-1 + object
(?) do/does + subject + verb 1 + object
Contoh :
1.(+) I play tennis on Sundays
(-) I do not play tennis on Sundays
(?) Do I play tennis on Sundays ?
2.(+) He reads a novel every day
(-) He does not read a novel everyday?
(?) Does he read a novel everyday?
Simple Present Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang diulang-ulang atau kebiasaan sehari-hari.
Contoh :
1. Ali always goes to school everyday
2. She gets up at 4 o’clock every morning
3. I come to your house on Sundays
Simple Present Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan kebenaran umum.
Contoh :
1. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west
2. A week has seven day
3. A year has twelve months
Beberapa kata kerja tertentu tidak dapat dipakai dalam present continuous tense, misalnya :
Agree : setuju
Believe : percaya
Consider : mempertimbangkan
Expect : mengharapkan
Like : suka
Miss : rindu
Catatan
1. Dalam kalimat positif berbentuk simple present tense kata kerja untuk subjek orang ketiga tunggal ditambah dengan –s atau –es
Contoh : - She works very hard
- He goes to the office every morning
2. Untuk kalimat negatif, ditambah not setelah do dan does. Do dipakai untuk subjek they, we, you, I. Sedangkan does dipakai untuk subjek he, she, it.
Contoh : - They do not have a job right now
- John does not have enough money to buy a car
3. Kalimat pertanyaan dibuat dengan menambahkan do atau does di depan
subjeknya
Contoh : - Do you eat rice?
- Does she eat rice?
4. Ketentuan penambahan s atau es adalah sebagai berikut :
a. Jika akhiran kata kerja huruf desis (ch, c, ss, sh, x, dan o) maka kata kerja ditambah es.
Contoh :
- catch menjadi catches
- go menjadi goes
- push menjadi pushes
- mix menjadi mixes
b. Apabila kata kerja berakhiran huruf y dan di dahului konsonan, maka y
Berubah menjadi I baru ditambah es
Contoh :
- carry
- fly
- cry
c. Jika kata kerja berakhiran y didahului vokal maka langsung saja ditambah s]
Contoh :
- plays
- buys
Pola Kalimat
(+) Subject + verb 1 (s/es) + object
(-) Subject + do/does + not + verb-1 + object
(?) do/does + subject + verb 1 + object
Contoh :
1.(+) I play tennis on Sundays
(-) I do not play tennis on Sundays
(?) Do I play tennis on Sundays ?
2.(+) He reads a novel every day
(-) He does not read a novel everyday?
(?) Does he read a novel everyday?
Simple Present Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang diulang-ulang atau kebiasaan sehari-hari.
Contoh :
1. Ali always goes to school everyday
2. She gets up at 4 o’clock every morning
3. I come to your house on Sundays
Simple Present Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan kebenaran umum.
Contoh :
1. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west
2. A week has seven day
3. A year has twelve months
Beberapa kata kerja tertentu tidak dapat dipakai dalam present continuous tense, misalnya :
Agree : setuju
Believe : percaya
Consider : mempertimbangkan
Expect : mengharapkan
Like : suka
Miss : rindu
Catatan
1. Dalam kalimat positif berbentuk simple present tense kata kerja untuk subjek orang ketiga tunggal ditambah dengan –s atau –es
Contoh : - She works very hard
- He goes to the office every morning
2. Untuk kalimat negatif, ditambah not setelah do dan does. Do dipakai untuk subjek they, we, you, I. Sedangkan does dipakai untuk subjek he, she, it.
Contoh : - They do not have a job right now
- John does not have enough money to buy a car
3. Kalimat pertanyaan dibuat dengan menambahkan do atau does di depan
subjeknya
Contoh : - Do you eat rice?
- Does she eat rice?
4. Ketentuan penambahan s atau es adalah sebagai berikut :
a. Jika akhiran kata kerja huruf desis (ch, c, ss, sh, x, dan o) maka kata kerja ditambah es.
Contoh :
- catch menjadi catches
- go menjadi goes
- push menjadi pushes
- mix menjadi mixes
b. Apabila kata kerja berakhiran huruf y dan di dahului konsonan, maka y
Berubah menjadi I baru ditambah es
Contoh :
- carry
- fly
- cry
c. Jika kata kerja berakhiran y didahului vokal maka langsung saja ditambah s]
Contoh :
- plays
- buys
Passive Voice
Passive voice is a grammatical voice in which the subject receives the action of a transitive verb and passive refers more generally to verbs using this construction and the passages in which they are used.
Passive voice ( kalimat pasif) adalah satu kalimat yang sering digunakan dalam bahasa Inggris maupun bahasa Indonesia, misalnya makan, minum, dan menolong menjadi dimakan, diminum dan ditolong.
Cara membentuk kalimat pasif adalah sebagai berikut :
1. Mengubah objek dalam bentuk aktif menjadi subjek dalam bentuk pasif.
2. Letakkan by sesudah kata kerja utama dalam kalimat pasif sebelum subjek. Namun, dalam keadaan tertentu preposition by tidak diikut sertakan karena teks telah dipahami.
3. Kata kerja yang dipakai adalah verb 3 yang di dahului to be.
4. Susunan kalimatnya disesuaikan tenses.
5. Adapun pola dasar yang dipakai dalam kalimat pasif adalah
To be + past participle ( verb 3)
Contoh : Active : Mary helps me
Passive : I am helped by Mary
Rumus dan Contoh dalam kalimat
1. Present Passive Voice
Tenses Active Passive
Simple Present Tense do/does + verb 1 Is/am/are + verb 3
Present Continuous Tense Is/am/are + verb-ing Is/am/are + being + verb 3
Present Perfect Tense Have/has + verb 3 Have/has + been + verb 3
Simple Present
- Active : I speak English every day
Passive : English is spoken by me everyday
- Active : Do you speak English everyday?
Passive : Is English spoken by you every day ?
Present Continuous Tense
- Active : She is reading a novel
Passive : A novel is being read by her
- Active : Who is reading a novel?
Passive : Who is a novel being read by ?
Present Perfect Tense
- Active : Asri has stidied English
Passive : English has been studied by Asri
- Active : Has Asri studied English?
Passive : Has English been studied Asri?
2. Past Passive Voice
Tenses Active Passive
Simple past tense Did + verb 2 Was/were + verb 3
Past continuous tense Was/were + verb-ing Was/were + being +verb 3
Past perfect tense Had + verb 3 Had + been +verb 3
Simple Past tense
- Active : Asri studied English
Passive : English was studied by Asri
- Active : Did Asri study English?
Passive : Was English studied by Asri?
Past Continuous
- Active : Asri was studying English
Passive : English was being studied by Asri
- Active : Was Asri studying English ?
Passive : Was English being studied by Asri ?
Past Perfect Tense
- Active : Asri had studied English
Passive : English had been studied by Asri
- Active : Had Asri studied English ?
Passive : Had English been studied by Asri?
3. Future Passive Voice
Tense Active Passive
Simple Future Tense Will/shall + be + verb 1 Will/shall + be + verb 3
Future continuous tense Will/shall + be + verb-ing Will/shall + be + being + verb 3
Future perfect tense Will/shall + have + verb 3 Will/shall + have + been + verb 3
Simple Future Tense
- Active : Asri will study English
Passive : English will be studied by Asri
- Active : Will Asri study English ?
Passive : Will English be studied by Asri ?
Future Continuous Tense
- Active : Asri will be studying English
Passive : Will English be being studied by Asri
- Active : Will Asri study English ?
Passive : Will English be studied by Asri?
Future Perfect Tense
- Active : Asri will have studied English
Passive : English will have been studied by Asri
- Active : Will Asri have studied English?
Passive : Will English have been studied by Asri?
4. Modal Auxiliary Passive Voice
Active Passive
Can
May
Will
Must
Shall
Ought to Could
Might
Would
Had to
Should
Ought to
Contoh :
- Active : Asri can speak English
Passive : English can be spoken by Asri
- Active : Who can speak English?
Passive : Who can English be spoken by?
Passive voice is a grammatical voice in which the subject receives the action of a transitive verb and passive refers more generally to verbs using this construction and the passages in which they are used.
Passive voice ( kalimat pasif) adalah satu kalimat yang sering digunakan dalam bahasa Inggris maupun bahasa Indonesia, misalnya makan, minum, dan menolong menjadi dimakan, diminum dan ditolong.
Cara membentuk kalimat pasif adalah sebagai berikut :
1. Mengubah objek dalam bentuk aktif menjadi subjek dalam bentuk pasif.
2. Letakkan by sesudah kata kerja utama dalam kalimat pasif sebelum subjek. Namun, dalam keadaan tertentu preposition by tidak diikut sertakan karena teks telah dipahami.
3. Kata kerja yang dipakai adalah verb 3 yang di dahului to be.
4. Susunan kalimatnya disesuaikan tenses.
5. Adapun pola dasar yang dipakai dalam kalimat pasif adalah
To be + past participle ( verb 3)
Contoh : Active : Mary helps me
Passive : I am helped by Mary
Rumus dan Contoh dalam kalimat
1. Present Passive Voice
Tenses Active Passive
Simple Present Tense do/does + verb 1 Is/am/are + verb 3
Present Continuous Tense Is/am/are + verb-ing Is/am/are + being + verb 3
Present Perfect Tense Have/has + verb 3 Have/has + been + verb 3
Simple Present
- Active : I speak English every day
Passive : English is spoken by me everyday
- Active : Do you speak English everyday?
Passive : Is English spoken by you every day ?
Present Continuous Tense
- Active : She is reading a novel
Passive : A novel is being read by her
- Active : Who is reading a novel?
Passive : Who is a novel being read by ?
Present Perfect Tense
- Active : Asri has stidied English
Passive : English has been studied by Asri
- Active : Has Asri studied English?
Passive : Has English been studied Asri?
2. Past Passive Voice
Tenses Active Passive
Simple past tense Did + verb 2 Was/were + verb 3
Past continuous tense Was/were + verb-ing Was/were + being +verb 3
Past perfect tense Had + verb 3 Had + been +verb 3
Simple Past tense
- Active : Asri studied English
Passive : English was studied by Asri
- Active : Did Asri study English?
Passive : Was English studied by Asri?
Past Continuous
- Active : Asri was studying English
Passive : English was being studied by Asri
- Active : Was Asri studying English ?
Passive : Was English being studied by Asri ?
Past Perfect Tense
- Active : Asri had studied English
Passive : English had been studied by Asri
- Active : Had Asri studied English ?
Passive : Had English been studied by Asri?
3. Future Passive Voice
Tense Active Passive
Simple Future Tense Will/shall + be + verb 1 Will/shall + be + verb 3
Future continuous tense Will/shall + be + verb-ing Will/shall + be + being + verb 3
Future perfect tense Will/shall + have + verb 3 Will/shall + have + been + verb 3
Simple Future Tense
- Active : Asri will study English
Passive : English will be studied by Asri
- Active : Will Asri study English ?
Passive : Will English be studied by Asri ?
Future Continuous Tense
- Active : Asri will be studying English
Passive : Will English be being studied by Asri
- Active : Will Asri study English ?
Passive : Will English be studied by Asri?
Future Perfect Tense
- Active : Asri will have studied English
Passive : English will have been studied by Asri
- Active : Will Asri have studied English?
Passive : Will English have been studied by Asri?
4. Modal Auxiliary Passive Voice
Active Passive
Can
May
Will
Must
Shall
Ought to Could
Might
Would
Had to
Should
Ought to
Contoh :
- Active : Asri can speak English
Passive : English can be spoken by Asri
- Active : Who can speak English?
Passive : Who can English be spoken by?
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